Examining the U-shaped relationship of sleep duration and systolic blood pressure with risk of cardiovascular events using a novel recursive gradient scanning model

Background Observational studies have suggested U-shaped relationships between sleep duration and systolic blood pressure (SBP) with risks of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the cut-points that separate high-risk low-risk groups not been confirmed. We aimed to examine duration, SBP, CVDs confirm optimal for SBP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on NHANES 2007–2016 data, which included a nationally representative sample participants. The maximum equal-odds ratio (OR) method implemented obtain each continuous independent variable. Then, novel “recursive gradient scanning method” introduced discretizing multiple non-monotonic variables. Finally, multivariable logistic regression model constructed predict critical risk factors associated after adjusting potential confounders. Results total 26,691 participants (48.66% were male) eligible current study an average age 49.43 ± 17.69 years. After covariates, compared intermediate range (6.5–8.0 h per day) SBP (95–120 mmHg), upper or lower values higher [adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) 1.20 (1.04–1.40) 1.17 (1.01–1.36) SBP]. Conclusions This indicates CVDs. Both short long sleep/higher BP are predictors outcomes. Estimated 6.5–8.0 day/SBP 95–120 mmHg is